Dangers of Poppers
The Bottom Line
Poppers are recreational drugs containing alkyl nitrites. They are used for muscle relaxation and aphrodisia but using them can cause low oxygen levels, difficulty breathing, and feeling faint. In severe or untreated cases, death can occur. Due to the severe health problems that can occur with the use of poppers, the FDA has warned consumers not to use these products.
The Full Story
In June 2020, the FDA issued a warning about the dangers of poppers. Popular in the LGBTQ community, poppers have been used since the 1970’s as a recreational drug, for the purposes of muscle relaxation and sexual enhancement. Poppers contain organic nitrite compounds such as amyl nitrite, isopropyl nitrite, and isobutyl nitrite. These compounds were initially used for the treatment of heart disease and were often packaged in glass vials. The vials had to be broken, or popped, to access the drug inside, leading to the now-familiar name “poppers.”
Today, poppers can be purchased online, at gas stations, or at adult novelty stores. They are often sold in 10-15 mL bottles with brand names including “Rush,” “Jungle Juice,” or “Liquid Gold,” and are often marketed as room “deodorizers,” leather cleaners, head cleaners, or nail polish removers. The packaging and bottle size may appear similar to energy shot drinks, and this may lead to confusion and unintentional poisoning. Poppers are also used intentionally, but unfortunately, many individuals are unaware of their potential harmful effects.
When ingested or inhaled, even in small amounts, poppers can cause a life-threatening condition called methemoglobinemia. Methemoglobinemia results in decreased delivery of oxygen to the body’s tissues and organs. Patients affected by methemoglobinemia often have low oxygen levels and may feel lightheaded or have chest pain, difficulty breathing, or headaches. In severe cases, death can occur. There is an antidote for methemoglobinemia, but it is only available in hospital settings.
The use of poppers is also known to cause eye problems, including visual changes, light sensitivity, and blind spots. In addition, poppers may contain ingredients other than nitrites which may be damaging to the skin. There have been cases of rashes and wounds that occurred after leakage of popper fluid onto skin.
If you suspect a poisoning while using poppers, use the webPOISONCONTROL® online tool or call 1-800-222-1222. Both options are free for the public, and available 24 hours a day.
Kelly Johnson-Arbor, MD
Medical Toxicology Physician
Poisoned?
Call 1-800-222-1222 or
Prevention Tips
- Avoid use of poppers, as they can cause significant health problems and even death.
- Be wary when buying or using energy shots and read the packaging carefully to ensure that the ingredients do not contain nitrites.
- If you suspect a poisoning while using poppers, get help online at www.poison.org or call 1-800-222-1222. Both options are free for the public, and available 24 hours a day.
This Really Happened
A 62-year-old man developed a headache, nausea, vomiting, and unsteadiness, within an hour of drinking less than 2 tablespoons of “Jungle Juice”. He presented to an Emergency Department, where his oxygen saturation was found to be dangerously low. He was admitted to the Intensive Care Unit for further treatment. A blood test diagnosed methemoglobinemia, and he was treated with the appropriate antidote and made a full recovery.For More Information
US Food and Drug Administration. FDA advises consumers not to purchase or use nitrite “poppers.” Accessed July 10, 2021.References
Poisoned?
Call 1-800-222-1222 or
Prevention Tips
- Avoid use of poppers, as they can cause significant health problems and even death.
- Be wary when buying or using energy shots and read the packaging carefully to ensure that the ingredients do not contain nitrites.
- If you suspect a poisoning while using poppers, get help online at www.poison.org or call 1-800-222-1222. Both options are free for the public, and available 24 hours a day.